This publication contains articles based on the presentations given at EFNIL’s 22nd conference in 2025 in Vienna hosted by the Austrian Centre for Digital Humanities of the Austrian Academy of Sciences. The aim of the conference was to explore historical, political and linguistic perspectives on language norms and linguistic justice in a multilingual world. As many of EFNIL’s member institutions are monitoring and, in several cases, even actively contributing to shaping the language policies in their country, the question of the effect and justification of norms in various social and linguistic contexts is always pertinent. During the conference, it emerged that norms are becoming more diverse and context dependent which calls for more flexible strategies to be employed by both language institutions and public authorities.

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