| 0. |
Introduction: The English Existential and Universals of Language |
S. 1 |
| 0.1. |
The English Existential |
S. 1 |
| 0.2. |
The English Existential and Language Universals |
S. 3 |
| 1. |
The Phrase Structure Analysis |
S. 8 |
| 1.1. |
The Competing Hypotheses |
S. 8 |
| 1.2. |
The Disrtibution of there in Deep Structure |
S. 11 |
| 1.3. |
The Agreement and the Progressive Conditions |
S. 17 |
| 1.4. |
There as a Determiner |
S. 21 |
| 1.5. |
Conclusion |
S. 24 |
| 2. |
The Phrase Structure Analysis And Cleft Reduction |
S. 26 |
| 2.1. |
Introduction |
S. 26 |
| 2.2. |
The Reduced Cleft Analysis |
S. 27 |
| 2.3. |
Other Cases of Cleft Reduction |
S. 31 |
| 2.4. |
Conclusion |
S. 36 |
| 3. |
The Transformational Analysis |
S. 40 |
| 3.1. |
There-insertion |
S. 40 |
| 3.2. |
There-insertion and the Cycle |
S. 40 |
| 3.3. |
There-insertion and Derived Constituent Structure |
S. 42 |
| 3.4. |
There-insertion and the Feature (In)definite |
S. 43 |
| 3.5. |
There-insertion and Semantic Features (Agency, Genericity, and (In)alienability) |
S. 45 |
| 3.6. |
Conclusion |
S. 50 |
| 4. |
Standard There-insertion |
S. 52 |
| 4.1. |
Introduction |
S. 52 |
| 4.2. |
The Two bes Argument |
S. 53 |
| 4.3. |
The Semi-modal Argument |
S. 60 |
| 4.4. |
The Predicate Nominal Argument |
S. 68 |
| 4.5. |
Other Arguments |
S. 69 |
| 4.6. |
Conclusion |
S. 73 |
| 5. |
There-insertion and Semantic Interpretation |
S. 83 |
| 5.1. |
Introduction |
S. 83 |
| 5.2. |
The E Rule |
S. 85 |
| 5.3. |
The Leftmost be Condition |
S. 86 |
| 5.4. |
The Semi-modal Restriction |
S. 89 |
| 5.5. |
The Definiteness Restriction |
S. 91 |
| 5.6. |
The Predicate Restriction |
S. 97 |
| 5.7. |
Extraction Arguments |
S. 104 |
| 5.8. |
Other Arguments |
S. 107 |
| 5.9. |
Stress in Existentials |
S. 109 |
| 6. |
The Structure-preserving Analysis of There-insertion |
S. 112 |
| 6.1. |
Introduction |
S. 112 |
| 6.2. |
The Optional/Obligatory Argument |
S. 115 |
| 6.3. |
The Semi-modal Argument |
S. 117 |
| 6.4. |
The Predicate Restriction |
S. 118 |
| 6.5. |
Criticism of the Structure-preserving Formulation |
S. 122 |
| 7. |
There-insertion in Generative Semantics |
S. 130 |
| 7.1. |
Introduction |
S. 130 |
| 7.2. |
Cristicism of McCawley's Analysis |
S. 132 |
| 8. |
Locative Analyses of There-insertion |
S. 138 |
| 8.1. |
Introduction |
S. 138 |
| 8.2. |
The Locative Analysis of Kuno |
S. 138 |
| 8.3. |
The Locative Analysis of Kimball |
S. 139 |
| 8.4. |
The Case Grammar Analysis |
S. 141 |
| 9. |
Conclusion |
S. 142 |
| 10. |
Bibliography |
S. 143 |